Many researchers have concluded that early parental loss during childhood is a risk factor for depression in late life of adults; however others didn't find any association. A new systematic review published in the Journal of Affective Disorders assessed whether this association exists or not by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies. Nine published case-controlled studies were chosen through literature searches in PUBMED, and LIBRARY GENESIS. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) have been used to assess the quality of studies included. Thereafter, data were extracted from each study and analysed using ProMeta. In all, nine case-controlled studies (representing n = 2784, cases = 716 and controls = 2068) were included in meta-analysis. The overall random effects model results of parental loss [OR = 2.18, 95% CI, 1.63–2.90, p< 0.00; I² = 15.79%, df = 8, p = 0.302], parental death [OR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.13–2.73, p = 0.012; I² = 0.00%, df = 3, p = 0.600] and parental separation [OR = 3.14, 95% CI, 1.92–5.15, p< 0.001; I² = 0.00%, df = 2, p = 0.675] showed a strong positive effect on developing depression in adults. Egger's linear regression test [t = 0.14, p = 0.895] and Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test [z = 0.63, p = 0.532] confirmed absence of publication bias of studies included in this meta-analysis. This systematic review was limited by a small number of case-controlled studies included in meta-analysis due to the differences in methodological designs of studies. The study concluded that parental loss, parental death, and parental separation before age 18 are risk factors of depression in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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